effect

ef|fect¹ W1S1 [ıˈfekt] n

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1¦(change/result)¦

2 put/bring something into effect

3 take effect

4¦(law/rule)¦

5 with immediate effect/with effect from

6 in effect

7 to good/great/no etc effect

8 to this/that/the effect

9¦(idea/feeling)¦

10 for effect

11¦(personal possessions)¦

12¦(film)¦

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[Date: 1300-1400; : Old French; Origin: Latin effectus, past participle of efficere 'to cause to happen']

1.) ¦(CHANGE/RESULT)¦ [U and C]

the way in which an event, action, or person changes someone or something

effect on

▪ My parents' divorce had a big effect on me.

effect of

▪ the harmful effects of modern farming practices

▪ the long-term effects of the drug

▪ I could feel the effects of the thin mountain air.

▪ This ingredient also has the effect of making your skin look younger.

▪ A system failure has a knock-on effect throughout the whole hotel.

▪ the cumulative effect of human activities on the global environment

▪ A much lower dose of the painkiller can still produce the desired effect .

▪ In mental illness, there is a complex relationship between cause and effect .

→↑greenhouse effect, ↑side effect

2.) put/bring sth into effect

to make a plan or idea happen

▪ It won't be easy to put the changes into effect.

3.) take effect

to start to produce results

▪ The morphine was starting to take effect and the pain eased.

4.) ¦(LAW/RULE)¦

a) take effect/come into effect

if a law, rule, or system takes effect or comes into effect, it officially starts

b) be in effect

if a law, rule, or system is in effect, it is being used now

5.) with immediate effect/with effect from

formal starting to happen immediately, or from a particular date

▪ Hoskins is appointed manager, with immediate effect.

6.) in effect

used when you are describing what you see as the real facts of a situation

▪ In effect, we'll be earning less than we were last year.

7.) to good/great/no etc effect

used to show how successful an action is

▪ We tried to wake him, but to no effect.

8.) to this/that/the effect

used when you are giving the general meaning of something, rather than the exact words

▪ Jim told me to go away, or words to that effect .

▪ The letter said something to the effect that she was no longer needed.

9.) ¦(IDEA/FEELING)¦ [C usually singular]

an idea or feeling that an artist, speaker, book etc tries to make you think of or to feel

effect of

▪ Turner's paintings give an effect of light.

10.) for effect

if someone does something for effect, they do it in order to make people notice

▪ She paused for effect, then carried on speaking.

11.) ¦(PERSONAL POSSESSIONS)¦

effects [plural] formal

the things that someone owns

= ↑belongings

▪ Don's few personal effects were in a suitcase under the bed.

12.) ¦(FILM)¦ [C usually plural]

an unusual or impressive sound or image that is artificially produced for a film, play, or radio programme

→↑sound effects, ↑special effect

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COLLOCATES for sense 1

have an effect (on somebody/something)

big/major/profound/significant/dramatic effect

bad/harmful/negative/damaging/detrimental/adverse effect

beneficial/positive effect

long-term effect

feel the effect (of something)

knock-on-effect British English (=an effect caused by the thing that happened before)

cumulative effect (=the effect of many things happening one after another)

the desired effect (=the effect you wanted)

cause and effect (=one thing directly causing the other)

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effect ²

effect² v [T]

formal to make something happen

▪ Many parents lack confidence in their ability to effect change in their children's behaviour.

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HINT sense 1

Do not confuse with the verb affect (=to have an effect on something).

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